Objective: Explain how romanticism was also a key factor in terms of intellectual change.
Essential Question: What was the factor in which reflected change in literature, art, and music? What were the tenets of that factor?
Essential Question Answer: The exuberance of Romanticism was reflected in literature, art and music during this time. Romanticism was a movement at its height from about 1790 to the 1840s that was in part a revolt against classicism and the Enlightenment, characterized by a belief in emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, and spontaneity in both art and personal life. Romantics stressed individualism and rejected materialism. They also used nature as a source of inspiration.
Individuals in Society: Germaine de Stael
This woman was one who urged the French to turn away from classicism and go to romanticism. She was also known as Madame de Stael who was a French woman. She wrote letters with a Swiss origin whose lifetime overlapped with the events of the French Revolution and the events of the Napoleonic era. She was one of Napoleon's main opponents. She was remembered for her conversational eloquence/mannerisms and she participated actively in the political and intellectual life of her times. Her critical and fictional works were set on the history of European Romanticism. She rejected materialism like all romantics did and she also stressed individualism and used nature as inspiration.
Individuals in Society: William Wordsworth
He was a major English romantic poet who helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature. He was influenced by Rousseau and also the spirit of the French Revolution. He rejected materialism and classical rules of poetry as his works focus on the power of nature to inform and create. His most famous piece is a credo called Daffodils. He lived up until 1850.
Individuals in Society: Karl Marx
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, sociologist, economist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He saw all of the history from the past as an economic class struggle as a whole. He also characterized the indsutrial society by the exploitation of the proletariat by the middle class. He thought that the future would bring out violent revolutions by those workers. He stood up for those workers by arguing that profits were stolen from the wages of the workers. His is well known for his piece the Communist Manifesto from 1848.
US EVENT: Romantic American writer Washington Irving
Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the period from 1800 to 1840. Partly a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, it was also a revolt against social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature. Washington Irving was an American author who composed a collection of stories that became The Sketch Book (1819). This book is one which included Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. In terms of romanticism across the condinents, it was practiced and believed in the same way with the rejection of materialism and the inspiration with nature.
US EVENTS: American Economy is affected by the Great Famine
In 1845-1846, the potato crop failed in Ireland causing the Great Famine as blight attacked young plants and many rotted. Irish emigration to the United States during the Great famine in Ireland was substantial and had a long lasting impact on the economy of the United States. In 1990, 44 million Americans claimed to be Irish. Many of these citizens can trace their ancestry to the Great Famine from 1845-1852 when 300 Irish set off daily in New York. The key situation affected by this emigration was the laborer force. This rise in population also helped decide the outcome of the Civil War. The Irish emigrants who found that their way to the South during the Great Famine saw the situation between North and South like their previous situation between Ireland and Great Britain where they had felt exploited because there was free trade between Ireland and Britain.
Picturing the Past
Created by Caspar David Friedrich and titled, Monasery Graveyard in the Snow, depicts an anti-Enlightenment ideology. Friedrich was famous for his romantic style artwork and his ability to create landscapes often set in the wintery season. It is believed that it portrays his emotional response to the natural world. With the monastery ruins and bleak atmosphere of the setting, the piece may embody a deaper meaning. Friedrich may be trying to prove that society has forgotten the past because everything is dead and bare with the tombstones and gnarled tree limbs.
Analyze- What emotions does this painting arouse?
Connections- What is the artists' attitude towards the past?
Summary
3 Things That I Learned
-Romantics rejected materialism
-Romantic artists wore their hair long and uncombed since they rejected materialism
-Eric Hobsbawm coined the term dual revolution to describe the time period
2 Things that Interested Me
-The traditional elites were considered the monarchs, nobile landowners, and the bureaucrats
-The laboring poor inspired socialist thinkers
1 Question I Still Have
-How does somebody come up with a term called laissez faire?
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